包含javajato的词条

本篇文章给大家谈谈javajato，以及对应的知识点，希望对各位有所帮助，不要忘了收藏本站喔。

本文目录一览：

• 1、关于C加加和JAVA
• 2、Java页面框架有哪些
• 3、编程语言的历史

关于C加加和JAVA

C++之父评论C++与Java

Linux之父炮轰C++：

Java之父评价C语言之父：我用尽了形容词

C++之父评论C++与Java

如果人们非要拿C++和Java来作比较，我建议他们去阅读The Design and Evolution of C++，看看C++为什么是今天这个样子，用我在设计C++时遵从的原则来检验这两种语言。这些原则与SUN的Java开发小组所持的理念显然是不同的。除了表面语法的相似性之外，C++与Java是截然不同的语言。在很多方面，Java更像Smalltalk。（Sun的培训教材清楚地写道：Java在设计上采用了与C++相似的语法，与Smalltalk相似的语义。所以可以说Java与C++是貌合神离，与Smalltalk才是心有灵犀。）Java语言相对简单，这部分是一种错觉，部分是因为这种语言还不完整。随着时间的推移，Java在体积和复杂程度上都会大大增长。在体积上它会增长两到三倍，而且会出现一些实现相关的扩展或者库。这是一条每个成功的商业语言都必须走过的发展之路。随便分析一种你认为在很大范围内取得了成功的语言，我知道肯定是无有例外者，而且实际上这非常有道理。

上边这段话是在Java 1.1推出之前写的。我确信Java需要类似模板的机制，并且需要增强对于固有类型的支持。简单地说，就是为了基本的完整性也应该做这些工作。另外还需要做很多小的改动，大部分是扩展。1998年秋，我从James Gosling（Java语言的创始人）那里得到一份建议书，说是要在Java中增加固有类型、操作符重载以及数学计算支持。

还有一篇论文，是数学分析领域的世界级大师，伯克利大学的W. Kahan教授所写的How Java's Floating-Point Hurts Everyone Everywhere（且看Java的浮点运算如何危害了普天下的芸芸众生），揭露了Java的一些秘密。我发现在电视和出版物中关于Java的鼓吹是不准确的，而且气势汹汹，让人讨厌。大肆叫嚣凡是非Java的代码都是垃圾，这是对程序员的侮辱；建议把所有的保留代码都用Java重写，这是丧心病狂，既不现实也不负责任。Sun和他的追随者似乎觉得为了对付微软罪恶的“帝国时代”，就必须如此自吹自擂。但是侮辱和欺诈只会把那些喜欢使用不同编程语言的程序员逼到微软阵营里去。

Java并非平台无关，它本身就是平台。跟Windows一样，它也是一个专有的商业平台。也就是说，你可以为Windows/Intel编写代码，也可以为Java/JVM编写代码，在任何一种情况下，你都是在为一个属于某个公司的平台写代码，这些代码都是与该公司的商业利益扯在一起的。当然你可以使用任何一种语言，结合操作系统的机制来编写可供JVM执行的程序，但是JVM之类的东西是强烈地偏向于Java语言的。它一点也不像是通用的、公平的、语言中立的VM/OS。私下里，我会坚持使用可移植的C++作大部分工作，用不同的语言作余下的工作。

“Java is not platform-independent, it is the platform”，B. S的这句评语对于C++用户有着很大的影响，有些C++高手甚至把这句话作为自己的签名档，以表明对Java的态度和誓死捍卫C++的决心。

Linux之父炮轰C++：

糟糕程序员的垃圾语言(1)2007-09-09 13:33 刘江 刘江@图灵 我要评论(14) 字号：T | TLinux之父为Linux内核开发而专门打造的版本控制软件Git已经引起了业界的广泛关注。Dmitry Kakurin查看源代码之后，发现使用的是纯C而非C++，表示不可理解。引起了Linux之父炮轰C++：糟糕程序员的垃圾语言。AD： 2013大数据全球技术峰会低价抢票中

Linux之父炮轰C++：糟糕程序员的垃圾语言Linux之父话糙理不糙不得不看的两次从C++回归C的高手评论C++C语言是否该扔进垃圾桶为什么每个程序员都应该学习C语言？每个程序员都应该学习C语言？我可不这么认为C语言已经死了，5个需要忘却它的理由用C设计 用C++编码为什么使用C++C++0x：崭新的C++，还是另一个Java？编程语言的三大定理动态语言为何难堪重任动态语言面面观Linux之父Linus Torvalds为了Linux内核开发而专门打造的版本控制软件Git已经引起了业界的广泛关注。昨天，有一位Dmitry Kakurin老兄在查看了源代码之后，发现使用的是纯C而非C++，表示不可理解，他直言：“别拿可移植性说事儿，这是屁话（BS，bullshit）。“（此外，他还批评Git蛮力地直接操作文本，既啰嗦又易错，而且很难跟上高层代码逻辑。）”这个BS引起了Torvalds的强烈反应，他用“*YOU* are full of bullshit.”（你才满嘴屁话呢）作为自己反驳的开场白。接着，他先转向了对C++的罕见的火药味十足的炮轰：“C++是一种糟糕的（horrible）语言。而且因为有大量不够标准的程序员在使用而使情况更糟，以至于极容易产生彻头彻尾的垃圾（total and utter crap）。老实说，选择C就是为了把C++程序员踢出去。……我有这样的结论，任何喜欢用C++而不是C开发项目的程序员可能都是我希望踢出去的人，免得他们来搞乱我参与的项目。C++会导致非常非常糟糕的设计选择。你们这些C++程序员总是一上来就用语言的那些‘漂亮的’库特性比如STL、Boost和其他彻头彻尾的垃圾，这可能对你们的程序有所‘帮助’，但是却会导致：

——当库无法工作时无穷无尽的折磨（别跟我说什么STL尤其是Boost很稳定而且可移植性很好，那全是屁话，而且一点都不可笑）

——低效的抽象编程模型，可能在两年之后你会注意到有些抽象效果不怎么样，但是所有代码已经依赖于围绕它设计的‘漂亮’对象模型了，如果不重写应用程序，就无法改正。也就是说，使用优秀的、高效的、系统级的和可移植的C++的唯一方式，最终还是限于使用C本身具有的所有特性。项目限制只用C，意味着参与的人不会捣乱，也意味着会得到许多真正懂得底层问题，而不会折腾那些白痴‘对象模型’垃圾的程序员。

所以，我很抱歉，但是对于Git这样效率是主要目标的软件，C++的所谓优点只是巨大的错误。而我们将看不到这一点的人排除在外却成了一个巨大的附加优势。如果你想要用C++写的版本控制系统，去玩Monotone吧。他们确实使用了‘真格的数据库’，使用了‘漂亮的面向对象库’、使用了‘漂亮的C++抽象’。可是说老实话，所有这些对某些计算机专业人士而言富于吸引力的设计决定，其最终结果确是一堆可怕、难以维护的垃圾。”【070907更新】Torvalds和Dmitry Kakurin争论继续中。对Torvalds的回击，Dmitry反唇相讥：“随着只用C编程的恐龙们逐渐灭绝，你很快就会发现只剩下自己一个人在固执己见。用Git贡献者的数量是说明不了问题的。显然C++开发者也能够贡献C代码。但是以为他们喜欢这种方式，那可就错了。

没有C的时候我用汇编编程。然后在C++诞生之前，我转向了C。现在我使用C++和C#，而且不再走回头路。差劲的程序员用任何语言都写不出好程序。但是为了将差劲的贡献者拒之门外这样一个没谱的理由而惩罚优秀的开发者，这简直是胡闹。”只过了10几分钟，Torvalds就回贴了：“和你不同的是，我实实在在地给出了不喜欢C++的原因，而且指出了它可能导致的各种问题的一些例子。而你呢，没有给出一条像样的使用C++的理由。事实上，Git比其他软件配置管理软件都要好，而好的品味（taste）和C正是原因之一。”

对上面的最后一句话，Torvalds后来又做了如下补充：

“说得更具体一些：

——简单和清晰的核心数据结构， 非常精益（lean）且颇具雄心的暧昧管理着它们，将“简单胜于花哨”这一方法发挥到极致。

——有意识地不抽象数据结构和算法，因为它们恰恰是Git核心的全部要素（whole point）。        如果你想用更花哨的语言，C++绝对是最糟糕的选择。如果想要真正的高级特性，那就选择有垃圾回收或者好的系统集成的，而不是既缺乏C的简约（sparseness）又缺乏C的直接而且没有重要概念的高层 绑定（high-level bindings to important concepts）的东西。        一言以蔽之，C++正处在困境当中，它既无法帮助原型化或者简单的GUI编程足够简化从而真正可用，不是C那样积极地鼓励你使用简单和直接的语言构造的精益系统编程语言。”      （另一位同学插了一句：这还没有提到很难找到两个C++编译器支持同样的特性。）“这与什么恐龙毫无关系。好的品味永远不会过时。将C与汇编语言相提并论，恰恰说明你对自己所讨论的问题缺乏起码的概念（don't have a friggin idea）。”

Java之父评价C语言之父：我用尽了形容词

摘要：Java 之父James Gosling在上周发布了关于讨论C语言之父Dennis Ritchie的简短博文称：C语言撑起了一切，他的影响巨大，并超越了科技世界。

Java之父詹姆斯·高斯林（James Gosling）在上周发布了关于讨论C语言之父丹尼斯·里奇（Dennis Ritchie）的简短博文：丹尼斯·里奇辞世的新闻如五雷轰顶。过去几天已经有很多资讯报道此事。他的影响巨大，并超越了科技世界，虽然他的大多影响都不为人知，但完全可以感受到。C语言撑起了一切。我的整个职业生涯也是从C语言和Unix中发展而来。对当今的大多数工程师而言，很难理解我在20世纪70年代感受到的幸福愉快感。当一种编程语言最终出现，我（其他人也）可以从汇编语言提升到一种真正的编程语言。我们可以做任何一切，过去我们得编写所有低级位系统。在C语言之前，编程语言达不到任务：开销太大了。系统的复杂性是真的阻碍了用汇编语言编写大型软件。C语言就像代码的JATO。（编注：“JATO”是“Jet-fuel assisted take off”的缩写，字面意思：“辅助起飞的喷气燃料”。这个系统通过小型火箭提供辅助动力，以帮助超载的飞机起飞升空。）下面是詹姆斯·高斯林此文的一些评论：Truely James. For every Computer professional in the world, the first language they come across is C. With so much of wonderfulness and which also makes the learning experience so fun and entertaining. RIP Ritchie!!!说的很对，詹姆斯！对于每个计算机专业人士，他们所接触的第一种编程语言就是C语言。（C语言）有着如此多的令人惊奇的地方，这也使得学习过程非常有趣。安息，里奇！！！Great ones are falling. I still love C. So simple. So powerful.一位巨星的陨落。我仍然爱着C语言。如此简单，如此强大。I remember C being like Adventure for programmers: lots of little pits for the unwary to fall into. Even after many years there were a few I hadn't found. It was a good time.我记得C语言就是程序员的冒险：有很多小坑，一不小心就陷进去。即便很多年过后，还有一些我没有发现的。那是个美好时刻。The equation is quite simple : Richie is like Einstein, pure Genius. All the IT is built on Kamp;R works. Thanks man, and RIP...等式非常简单：里奇就像爱因斯坦，纯粹的天才。IT业的所有都基于肯贝汉和里奇的成果。感谢，安息……文章出自：nighthacks译文来自：伯乐在线

Java页面框架有哪些

常见的JAVA框架有: WAF： 全称：WEB APPLICATION FRAMEWORK 主要应用方面：EJB层，（WEB层也有，但是比较弱）。 主要应用技术：EJB等 出处： java.sun.com/blueprints/code/index.html 简述：这是SUN在展示J2EE平台时所用的例子PetStore(宠物商店系统)里面的框架。是SUN蓝皮书例子程序中提出的应用框架。它实现了 MVC和其他良好的设计模式。SUN的网站上有技术资料，最好下载PetStore来研究，WEBLOGIC里自带此系统，源码在bea\weblogic700\samples\server\src\petstore。这是学习了解J2EE的首选框架。 免费。 Struts: 主要应用方面：WEB层。 主要应用技术：JSP,TagLib,JavaBean,XML等 出处： jakarta.apache.org/struts/index.html 简述：这是APACHE的开源项目，目前应用很广泛。基于MVC模式，结构很好，基于JSP。Jbuilder8里已经集成了STRUTS1.02的制作。 免费。 Turbine： 主要应用方面：WEB层。 主要应用技术：servlet等 出处： jakarta.apache.org/turbine/index.html 简述：这是APACHE的开源项目。基于SERVLET。据说速度比较快，基于service（pluggable implementation可插拔的执行组件）的方式提供各种服务。 免费。 COCOON： 主要应用方面：WEB层。 主要应用技术：XML，XSP，servlet等 出处： cocoon.apache.org/2.0/ 简述：这是APACHE的一个开源项目。基于XML，基于XSP（通俗地说，XSP是在XML静态文档中加入Java程序段后形成的动态XML文档。）。特点是可以与多种数据源交互，包括文件系统，数据库，LDAP，XML资源库，网络数据源等。 免费。 ECHO： 主要应用方面：WEB层。 主要应用技术：servlet等 出处： 简述：nextapp公司的一个开源项目。基于SERVLET。页面可以做的很漂亮，结合echopo int，可以作出很多图形效果（里面用了jfreechart包）。使用SWING的思想来作网页，把HTML当作JAVA的类来做。但是大量使用Session，页面分帧（Frame）很多,系统资源消耗很大。 免费。 JATO： 全称：SUN ONE Application Framework 主要应用方面：WEB层。 主要应用技术：JSP,TagLib,JavaBean等 出处： 简述：这是SUN推出的一个商业性框架，是结合SUN ONE的平台推出的。 TCF： 全称：Thin-Client Framework 主要应用方面：JAVA GUI。 主要应用技术：JAVA application等 出处： 简述：这是IBM出的一个框架。基于MVC模式，基于JAVA Application。

编程语言的历史

两个都是英文版的。

编程语言和软件历史年表大全

Year - Languages, Operating Systems, Major Programs, Etc.

1945 EDVAC utilizes stored program concept

1945 Plankalkul (Konrad Zuse)

1949 Short Code (for BINAC) (John Mauchly)

1950 Intermediate Programming Language (Arthur W. Burks)

1951 Klamemerausdrucke (algebraic language and compilers)

1951 Formules (complete compiler) (Heinz Rutishauser)

1951 Find (for the Whirlwind) (Jack Gilmore)

1952 Autocode compiler (Alick E. Glennie)

1952 Short Code (for UNIVAC 1) (W.F. Schmidt, A.B. Tonik, J.R. Logan)

1952 Sort-Merge Generator (for UNIVAC 1) (Betty Holberton)

1952c COMPOOL (for SAGE) (MIT)

1952 Punchy (for TX-O) (Jack Gilmore)

1953 A-2 Compiler (for UNIVAC) (Grace Hopper)

1953 Algebraic interpreter (for Whirlwind, MIT) (J.H. Laning, N. Zierler)

1953 Speedcoding (for IBM 701) (John Backus)

1954 Operating System (for IBM 701, General Motors Research Laboratory)

1954 Autocode (for Manchester Mark 1) (R.A. Booker)

1954 PiPi-2 Prgrmg Program (compiler, USSR) (E.Z. Liumbimskii, S.S. Kamynin)

1954c Autocoder assembly language (for IBM 705)

1955 PiPi Programming Program (for BESM) (USSR)

1955 BACAIC (for IBM 701) (Mandalay Grems, R.E. Porter, Boeing Airplane Co.)

1955 MATH-MATIC mathematical programming language (for UNIVAC) (C. Katz)

1955 Kompiler 2 (for IBM 701) (A. Kenton Elsworth, Livermore Laboratory)

1956 Operating Sys. (for IBM 704) (General Motors; North American Aviation)

1956 ADES (U.S. Naval Observatory) (E.K.Blum)

1956 APT machine tool control (MIT) (Douglas Ross)

1956 Logic Theorist AI program (A. Newell H. Simon, Carnegie Institute)

1956 IT (Internal Translator) (for IBM 650) (A. Perlis J.W. Smith)

1956 Mark I report generator (for IBM 702) (General Electric-Hanford)

1956 FORTRAN (Formula Translation) (John Backus, IBM)

1957 Mark II Report generator (for IBM 702) (General Electric-Hanford)

1957 IPL-V (Information Processing Language V)

1957 Fortransit programming language

1957 COMIT string processing language (Victor Yngve, MIT)

1957 Scope Writer (for TX-2) (Jack Gilmore)

1957 Lincoln Writer (for TX-2) (Jack Gilmore)

1958 APT (Automatically Programmed Tool)

1958 FLOW-MATIC (for UNIVAC, Remington-Rand) (Grace Hopper)

1958c SOAP assembler (for IBM 650)

1958 IR (Information Retrieval) database management system (for IBM 704)

1958 LISP (List Processing language) (John McCarthy, MIT)

1958 AIMACO data processing language

1958 IPL V list processing language

1959 DYNAMO III

1959 TUFF/TUG (for IBM 704)

1959 9PAC file handling (for IBM 709)

1959 FACT business data processing language

1959 SURGE (for IBM 704) (Fletcher Jones)

1959 SAGE operating system (for IBM AN/FSQ7) (System Development Corp.)

1959c SAP assembler (for IBM 704)

1959c ASCI-Matic (Jack Minker)

1959 COBOL (December release)

1960 Atlas operating system for Atlas Computer)

(Manchester Univ. Ferranti)

1960 ALGOL 60 (Algorithmic Language)

1960 COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)

1960 JOVIAL (Jules Own Version of Int. Algebraic Language) (Jules Schwartz)

1960 MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder)

1960 NELIAC (Navy Electronics Laboratory International Algol Compiler)

1960 TRAC string processing language

1960 SCEPTRE

1960 IOCS operating system (for IBM 709/7090)

1960 FMS operating system (for IBM 709) (North American Aviation)

1961 COBOL revised and reissued

1961 SOS operating system (for IBM 709) (SHARE and IBM)

1961 GPSS (General Purpose Systems Simulator)

1961 SAC/Aids Formatted File System (for SAC 438L system) (SAC)

1961 BASE-BALL natural language system (B.V. Green)

1961 QUERY database (T. E. Cheatham, S. Warshall)

1961 RPG (Report Program Generator) (for IBM 1401)

1961 MADCAP scientific programming language

1961 ALGY formula manipulation language

1961 GECOM business data processing language

1961 QUICKTRAN on-line programming language

1961 Expensive Typewriter (IBM 360) (Stephen Piner)

1961 COBOL 61 Extended

1962 CTSS operating system (for IBM 7090 IBM 7094) (Dr.F. Corbato, MIT)

1962 Gen. Info. Retrieval System (GIRLS) for IBM 7090 (J.A. Postley, AIS)

1962 EXEC 1 operating system (for Univac 1107) (Computer Sciences Corp.)

1962 APL (A Programming Language) (Kenneth Iverson)

1962 IBSYS operating system (IBM 7090)

1962 Advanced Data Management System (ADAM) (for IBM 7030) (MITRE)

1962 COLINGO database (for IBM 1401)

1962 FORMAC formula manipulation

1962 SNOBOL (String Oriented Symbolic Language)

1963 Master Control Program operating system (for Burroughs B5000)

1963 COGO (Coordinate Geometry)

1963 Information Processing System (IPS) (for CDC 1604) (NAVCOSSACT)

1963 JOSS (Johnniac Open Shop System) (J.Cliff Shaw, Rand Corporation)

1963 CORC scientific programming language

1963 OMNIT AB scientific programming language

1963 Ambit

1964 Integrated Data Store (I-D-S) (Charles Bachman, General Electric)

1964 OS/360 operating system (for IBM 360)

1964 BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

(John Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz, Dartmouth College)

1964 FORMAC (Formula Manipulation Compiler) for non-numeric mathematics

(Jean Sammet)

1964 PAT on-line programming language

1964 PL/1 (developed by IBM and SHARE)

1964 Altran

1965 Generalized Update Access Method (GUAM) (IBM 7010)

(developed by North American Space Division)

1965 Remote Access Terminal System (for IBM 7010)

(developed by IBM, and Rockwell International)

1965 Generalized Information System (GIS) (for IBM System/360)

1965 DENDRAL (Edward Fiegenbaum, Joshua Lederberg (Stanford University)

1965 C-10 database management system (IBM 1410) (developed by MITRE)

1965 COGENT report generator (for IBM 709)

1965 CPS on-line programming language

1965 RUSH on-line programming language

1965 Amtran on-line programming language

1965 FLAP formula manipulation programming language

1965 CLP list processing language

1965c MULTICS interactive operating system (for GE/Honeywell 645)

(developed by GE, Bell Labs MIT)

1965 TRAC

1965 SNOBOL 3

1966 SIMULA I (Kristen Nygaard, Ole-Lohan Dahl) (First Object Oriented Language)

1966 TOSS operating system (for IBM System/360) (developed by RCA)

1966 Dialog on-line programming language

1966 MAP on-line programming language

1966 NAPSS scientific programming language

1966 Euler scientific programming language

1966 Coursewriter II

1966 OMNITAB II

1966 ECAP II (Electronic Circuit Analysis Program II)

1966 MPSX (Mathematical Programming System Extended)

1967 RAMIS non-procedural programming language (Mathematical)

1967 MANAGE database management system (for XDS 940 computer)

(developed by Scientific Data Systems)

1967 AS-IST database management system (for IBM System/360)

(developed by Applications Software)

1967 LUCID database management system (for AN/FSQ32)

(developed by System Development)

1967 ICES (Integrated Civil Engineering System)

1967 CSSL (Continuous Systems Simulation Language)

1967 Simula 67 (Simulation Language 1967)

1967 CPUL programming language

1967 POSE scientific programming language

1967 MAC-30 programming language

1967 DIAGMAG scientific programming language

1967 REDUCE formula manipulation language

1967 SPRINT list processing language

1967 LOLITA list processing language

1967 EOL-3 string processing language

1967 LEAP multipurpose programming language

1967 SNOBOL 4

1968 ALGOL 68 (Algorithmic Language)

1968 ATLAS (Abbreviated Test Language for "All" Systems)

1968 CSMP (Continuous System Modeling Program)

1968 Speakeasy

1968 OS/MFT operating system (for IBM 360 computers)

1968 TSS operating system (for IBM 360/370)

1968 MCP operating system (for Burroughs for B2500 and B3500)

1968 PAL programming language

1968 Proteus programming language

1968 GPL general purpose programming language

1968 TPS

1968 Salem

1968 Ariel

1968 Bruin

1968 TLC

1968 Termac

1968 Active Language 1

1968 Symbal

1968 Champ

1969 MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital General Utility

Multi-Programming System)

1969 PILOT

1969 CP-67/CMS operating system (for IBM 360 computer)

1969 OS/MVT operating system (for IBM 360 computer)

1969 Data Manager-1 (developed by Auerbach)

1969 UNIX multi-user, multitasking operating system development begun at Bell Labs

1969 Cobol Data Management System (CDMS) (for IBM 360)

(developed by Defense Intelligence Agency)

1969 Information Management System (IMS) hierarchical database management

system (developed by IBM)

1969 TSOS operating system (for Spectra 70/46) (developed by RCA)

1969 Time Shared Data Management System (TSDMS) (for IBM 360)

1969 Remote File Management System (for CDC 6000)

(developed at University of Texas)

1969 McG360 programming language

1969 DML programming language

1969 REL programming language

1969 PLANNER programming language

1969 REF-ARF programming language

1969 IITRAN multipurpose programming language

1969 APAREL multipurpose programming language

1969 NUCLEOL string processing language

1969 LEAF list processing language

1969 IAM formula manipulation language

1969 PPL on-line programming language

1969 OSCAR on-line programming language

1969 TRANQUIL scientific programming language

1969 SPEAKEASY scientific programming language

1969 STIL scientific programming language

1969 Music V (Max Mathews)

1969 Scratchpad

1970 BLISS (Basic Language for Implementation of System Software)

1970 SC-1 database management system (for IBM 360)

(developed by Western Electric)

1970 DMS data management system (for Sigma 5,7,9 computers)

(developed by Xerox Data Systems)

1970 S2000 data management system (for CDC 6000)(developed by SRI Systems)

1970 AIDS scientific programming language

1970 IIMP scientific programming language

1970 POEL scientific programming language

1970 LPL list processing language

1970 BALM list processing language

1970 Gedanken programming language

1970c Macsyma programming language (Joel Moses, MIT)

1970 Vulcan

1970 PDEL

1970 Pascal (Niklaus Wirth)

1971 VMOS operating system (for Spectra computers) (developed by RCA)

1971 ETC programming language

1971 TUTOR

1971 ISPL (Instruction Set Processor Language)

1971 FORMAC formula manipulation language

1971 HAL/S A programming language used aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia

1972 SMALLTALK object-oriented language (Alan Kay; Xerox)

1972 PL/M high-level language for microprocessor

1972 VS/9 operating system (for UNIVAC Series 90)

1972 Development of C language (Dennis Ritchie)

1973 BS2000 operating system (for Siemens 7500)

1973 VM 1370 operating system (for IBM 370 series)

1973 OS/VS operating system (for IBM 370 series)

1973 Pholas data management system (for Philips P1000)

1973 PDS/MaGEN (Problem Descriptor System)

1974 PL/M

1975 SPSS (Statistical Programs for the Social Sciences)

1975 OS/MVS operating system (for IBM 370 series)

1975 UNIX licensed by Western Electric for academic and commercial sectors

1975 ADA programming language developed for U.S. Dept. of Defense

1975 MDQS (Management Data Query System) developed by Honeywell

1976 Modula multiprocessing language (Niklaus Wirth)

1976 SMALLTALK 76 (Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, Daniel H. H. Ingalis; Xerox PARC)

1977 CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors) (Gary Kildall)

1979 VisiCalc electronic spreadsheet software for microcomputers

1979 X-CON (aka RI) expert system (Carnegie-Mellon University)

(used at Digital Equipment Corporation)

1980 INTELLECT natural language query system

(Artificial Intelligence Corporation)

1980 CPF operating system (for IBM System/38 minicomputer)

1980 C++ (Bjarne Stroustrup, Bell Labs)

1981 MS/DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)

developed by Microsoft Corporation) (IBM version called PC/DOS)

1983 KEE (expert systems development tool) IntelliCorp.

198? Objective C (Brad Cox; Stepstone Corporation)

1988 Windows 386 version 2.0 Released by Microsoft Corporation

1990 (April) Windows 3.0 released by Microsoft Corporation

1991 Windows NT Server version 3.1 released by Microsoft Corporation

1994 Windows NT Server version 3.5 released by Microsoft Corporation

1995 Windows 95 (microcomputer operating system and interface, Microsoft Corporation)

1995 JAVA (James Gosling, Sun Microsystems)

1996 Windows NT Server version 4.0 released by Microsoft Corporation

1996 "Inferno" under development by Dennis Ritchie and others

1996 (March) Microsoft’s Active X is released

1996 (October) Sun Microsystems SunSoft division releases JavaBeans

1996 Symantec’s Visual Cafe 1.0 tool (supports JavaBeans model)

1996 Delphi announces JBuilder (formerly code-named Latte)

1996 IBM’s Visual Age (supports JavaBean)

1996 Powersoft announces Jato (originally code-named Starbuck) (supports JavaBeans)

1996 Oracle Corporation announces Sedona, a development tools technology

1997 Microsoft Windows NT 5.0

编程语言历史

《BYTE》：A Brief History of Programming Languages

We’ve come a long way from computers programmed with wires and punch cards. Maybe not as far as some would like, though. Here are the innovations in programming.

ca. 1946

Konrad Zuse , a German engineer working alone while hiding out in the Bavarian Alps, develops Plankalkul. He applies the language to, among other things, chess.

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1949

Short Code , the first computer language actually used on an electronic computing device, appears. It is, however, a "hand-compiled" language.

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1951

Grace Hopper , working for Remington Rand, begins design work on the first widely known compiler, named A-0. When the language is released by Rand in 1957, it is called MATH-MATIC.

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1952

Alick E. Glennie , in his spare time at the University of Manchester, devises a programming system called AUTOCODE, a rudimentary compiler.

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1957

FORTRAN --mathematical FORmula TRANslating system--appears. Heading the team is John Backus, who goes on to contribute to the development of ALGOL and the well-known syntax-specification system known as BNF.

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1958

FORTRAN II appears, able to handle subroutines and links to assembly language. John McCarthy at M.I.T. begins work on LISP--LISt Processing.

The original specification for ALGOL appears. The specific ation does not describe how data will be input or output; that is left to the individual implementations.

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1959

LISP 1.5 appears. COBOL is created by the Conference on Data Systems and Languages (CODASYL).

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1960

ALGOL 60 , the first block-structured language, appears. This is the root of the family tree that will ultimately produce the likes of Pascal. ALGOL goes on to become the most popular language in Europe in the mid- to late-1960s.

Sometime in the early 1960s , Kenneth Iverson begins work on the language that will become APL--A Programming Language. It uses a specialized character set that, for proper use, requires APL-compatible I/O devices.

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1962

APL is documented in Iverson’s book, A Pro gramming Language .

FORTRAN IV appears.

Work begins on the sure-fire winner of the "clever acronym" award, SNOBOL--StriNg-Oriented symBOlic Language. It will spawn other clever acronyms: FASBOL, a SNOBOL compiler (in 1971), and SPITBOL--SPeedy ImplemenTation of snoBOL--also in 1971.

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1963

ALGOL 60 is revised.

Work begins on PL/1.

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1964

APL\360 is implemented.

At Dartmouth University , professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz invent BASIC. The first implementation is a compiler. The first BASIC program runs at about 4:00 a.m. on May 1, 1964.

PL/1 is released.

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1965

SNOBOL3 appears.

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1966

FORTRAN 66 appears.

LISP 2 appears.

Work begins on LOGO at Bolt, Beranek, Newman. The team is headed by Wally Fuerzeig and includes Seymour Papert. LOGO is best known for its "turtle graphics."

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1967

SNOBOL4 , a much-enhanced SNOBOL, appears.

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1968

ALGOL 68 , a monster compared to ALGOL 60, appears. Some members of the specifications committee--including C.A.R. Hoare and Niklaus Wirth--protest its approval. ALGOL 68 proves difficult to implement.

ALTRAN , a FORTRAN variant, appears.

COBOL is officially defined by ANSI.

Niklaus Wirth begins work on Pascal.

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1969

500 people attend an APL conference at IBM’s headquarters in Armonk, New York. The demands for APL’s distribution are so great that the event is later referred to as "The March on Armonk."

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1970

Sometime in the early 1970s , Charles Moore writes the first significant programs in his new language, Forth.

Work on Prolog begins about this time.

Also sometime in the early 1970s , work on Smalltalk begins at Xerox PARC, led by Alan Kay. Early versions will include Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, and Smalltalk-76.

An implementation of Pascal appears on a CDC 6000-series computer.

Icon , a descendant of SNOBOL4, appears.

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1972

The manuscript for Konrad Zuse’s Plankalkul (see 1946) is finally published.

Denni s Ritchie produces C. The definitive reference manual for it will not appear until 1974.

The first implementation of Prolog -- by Alain Colmerauer and Phillip Roussel -- appears.

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1974

Another ANSI specification for COBOL appears.

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1975

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