「java咖啡文化」Java咖啡店的设计与实现
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电脑的Java和马来西亚的爪哇岛(Java)有什么关系吗?
关系只是有那么一点点而已……
Java最初的名称不叫Java而是叫做Oak,后来在注册商标的时候发现Oak这个名字被人抢先注册掉了(囧),这个时候不知道是Java发明者喜欢喝咖啡还是看到桌子上有杯咖啡,于是他突然就想起来把Oak改名叫做Java了……所以Java的图标是一杯冒着热气的咖啡……
爪哇岛是世界著名的咖啡豆产地……
Java和爪哇岛的关系仅仅如此而已……
咖啡馆与文化
咖啡的起源
咖啡树和咖啡食用的起源地公认在非洲,其具体地区说法不一,但多数人认为在东非的文明古国埃塞俄比亚。关于咖啡起源的时间则莫衷一是。
在咖啡的发现、起源和利用史上,有一个神奇的故事非常流行,我以为也较为符合实情。很久很久以前,埃塞俄比亚西南部咖法(Keffa)地区的牧羊少年卡尔迪(Kaldi)一次赶羊经过一片树林时,他的山羊群啃食路边大型灌木丛上的红果子。①卡尔迪无意中发现,山羊吃了红果子后异常兴奋,即使是老山羊也像小山羊一样奔跑跳跃。牧羊少年觉得奇怪,便也摘下一些果实品尝。结果自己也变得非常兴奋、精神,不由得手舞足蹈起来。咖啡(果可食用并能提神)就这样被人发现了。②人们把这种果子就叫成当地的地名“咖法”(keffa),以后经过长期地传递和演变就成了今天的“咖啡”(coffee)。咖啡被发现后人们最初只是采摘野生的果子食用,③后来才慢慢开始人工栽培。在食用方式上,最初是连肉带核(即咖啡种子—咖啡豆)一起嚼食,后来进步为把咖啡果泡水或煮水喝。④在用途上,最初主要用于宗教界的宗教活动和医生治病及病人恢复。埃塞俄比亚—红海一带基督教、犹太教都有,后来还有伊斯兰教。各种宗教的教士、修士、教徒嚼了咖啡果或喝了咖啡水后,在彻夜进行的宗教法事活动时便很有精神不打瞌睡。病人们嚼了它或喝了它也能恢复一些精神。
咖啡的食用、采摘渐渐跨过非常狭窄的红海传入阿拉伯半岛。《中国大百科全书·农业卷·咖啡条》和《中国农业百科全书·农作物卷·咖啡条》说公元前6世纪阿拉伯人已开始栽种咀嚼食用咖啡,但它们没有例证和文献出处,不大可信。而且,从社会发展史角度审视,公元前6世纪阿拉伯半岛上的阿拉伯人(假如当时已有“阿拉伯人”的话)还处于原始社会的野蛮时代。如果那时他们已有了农耕种植,那也只可能种植椰枣、麦子、瓜菜等粮食、蔬菜、多用途作物,而不可能栽培药用类、嗜好类、消闲类作物咖啡。因为当时的生产力水平只允许他们种植那些作物,以保证自己少挨饿,生存下去。新版《美国百科全书·咖啡条》认为,公元后6世纪阿拉伯人开始栽种食用(咀嚼)咖啡。⑤有的学者还把栽培利用咖啡的时代地点精确到公元575年在也门开始栽种。⑥我认为公元后6世纪开始栽培咖啡相对较为可信。由此推断,埃塞俄比亚人发现利用咖啡当在此前好长一段时期,或者在此前两三个世纪,即约公元3世纪。公元9—10世纪的阿拉伯医学家拉吉斯(Rhazes,865—932)在文献中首次明确提到了咖啡,即记载下有人将干咖啡果研碎后用水煎服当药喝
First, coffee origin Coffee-tree and coffee edible origin recognition in Africa, itsconcrete local view not one, but the most people think in EastAfrica's ancient nation Ethiopia. Time origins which about the coffeethen unable to agree. In in the coffee discovery, the origin and the use history, somemysterious story is extremely popular, I thought also conforms to thetruth. Before very long very long time, the Ethiopian north west 咖law (Keffa) the area tends sheep young Cull to enlighten (Kaldi) timeto catch up with when the sheep passes through woods, his mountainflock of sheep gnaws on the food roadside large-scale shrubbery thered fruit. (1) Cull enlightens accidentally discovered that, after thegoat ate the red fruit exceptionally to be excited, even if were theold goat also likes the small goat equally to run jumps. Tends sheepthe youth to think strangely, then also takes off some fruits totaste. Result also change extremely excitedly, the spirit, cannot helpbut dances with joy. The coffee (fruit might edible and can stimulate)on is discovered like this by the person. (2) The people are calledthe locality the geographic name this kind of fruit "咖 the law"(keffa), later passes through for a long time the transmission and theevolution has become today "the coffee" (coffee). The coffee wasdiscovered the posterity only are at first pick the wild fruit edible,(3) afterwards only then slowly started artificially to cultivate. Inthe edible way, is at first Lian Roudai the nucleus (namely coffeeseed - coffee bean) chews the food together, afterwards progressed forsoaks in water the coffee fruit or 煮水 drinks. (4) In the use,mainly uses in at first religious circles' religious activities anddoctor treats an illness and the patient restores. Area the Ethiopian- red sea Christianity, the Judaism all have, afterwards also had theIslamism. After each kind of religious priest, the member of areligious order, the believer has chewed the coffee fruit or has drunkthe coffee water, in carries on all night when religious Buddhistceremony activity then very much has the spirit not to hit sleepily.The patients have chewed it or drink it also to be able to restoresome spirits. The coffee edible, picks gradually bridged over extremely narrow redsea to spread to the Arabian Peninsula. "Chinese Big EncyclopediaAgriculture Volume Coffee Strip" and "Chinese Agriculture EncyclopediaCrops Volume Coffee Strip" said the B.C.E. 6 centuries Arabs startedto plant chew the edible coffee, but they do not have the illustrationand the literature source, is not greatly credible. Moreover,carefully examined from the social development history angle, B.C.E.in 6 centuries Arabian Peninsula Arabs (at that time if had "Arab"speech) also is in primitive society the barbarism. If at that timethey had the agriculture to plough the planter, that also onlypossibly plants 椰枣, grain, the vegetables, the multipurpose cropsand so on wheat, melon vegetable, but is impossible to cultivate kind,the hobby class for medicinal purposes, whiles away the time the kindof crops coffee. Because then productive forces level only allowedthem to plant these crops, guaranteed oneself little starved, thesurvival got down. New edition "American Encyclopedia Coffee Strip"believed that, A.D. the latter 6 centuries Arab starts to plant edible(chews) the coffee. (5) Some scholars also precisely start thecultivation using the coffee time place until the A.D. 575 years inYemen to plant. (6) I thought the A.D. latter 6 centuries startrelatively to cultivate the coffee to be credible. From this theinference, the Ethiopian discovered using the coffee works as inbefore this good long section of times, or in before this 23centuries, namely approximately A.D. 3 centuries. A.D. 9 - 10centuries Arabic medical scientists pull lucky Si (Rhazes, 865 - 932)explicitly mentioned for the first time in the literature the coffee,after namely under the record some people will do the coffee fruit togrind the water used to fry the clothing when the medicine will drink
三、咖啡在全世界的传播和咖啡馆文化
欧洲人和其他国家的人接触到咖啡饮料后,有的人便很快喜欢上了。商人和资产者更垂涎于咖啡带来的效益和利润。但是在地理大发现时代(15世纪末—17世纪末),欧洲或其他任何帝国对奥斯曼土耳其还不具有军事优势(须知土耳其甚至在1529年和1683年两次大举围攻维也纳)。还无法采取军事暴力手段来获取咖啡苗(诸如击败土军,占领某地,抢走当地的咖啡树和咖啡果)。面对土耳其的严厉控制政策,既不能合法进口,又无力武装抢夺;于是人们只好设法去“偷”,从而演绎出咖啡外传的诸多有趣故事。1616年,荷兰人从也门摩卡港躲过土耳其严格检查,偷运出一株咖啡树苗。②他们驾船走葡萄牙人开辟的新航路经阿拉伯海、印度洋、大西洋、英吉利海峡绕道回国。但欧洲的气候水土不适合热带亚热带植物咖啡树的生长,荷兰人只好把它作为实验树栽培在暖房里。1656年荷兰人侵入锡兰(斯里兰卡)。1658年荷兰人就在锡兰岛上进行咖啡树苗的大田种植并获成功。③1603年荷兰人在印尼爪哇岛上建立起第一个商站一殖民据点,1619年荷兰人侵占雅加达,并把它改名为巴达维亚。1696年荷兰人从印度西南部沿海的马拉巴尔(Malabar)地区运进咖啡树苗和种子把它们栽种在印尼爪哇巴达维亚的种植园。经过一点波折后终获成功,并很快获益赢利。④
不过印度西南部的咖啡林却不是荷兰人或其他西欧人传去的,而是由当地的一位叫巴巴·布丹(Baba Budan)的人于17世纪30年代传入的。作为一个虔诚的穆斯林,巴巴·布丹去过伊教的圣城麦加朝圣。返回时他把七粒能发芽的咖啡豆(种子)紧贴在肚皮上,躲过了土耳其人的检查,成功地“偷”回了他在印度西南部的家乡。从此,咖啡开始在南亚生根栽培了。⑤
综上可知,东非埃塞俄比亚人民发现了咖啡,阿拉伯人民栽培了咖啡,中国人民促进了咖啡从神饮药饮转变为大众饮料,土耳其人民发明了咖啡最正宗最科学的饮用法,南亚人民也参与了传播咖啡。可见,咖啡能成为世界三大饮料之一,非、亚、欧洲人民都为之做出了贡献。不过,对咖啡最钟爱,把咖啡馆(文化)发展得最繁荣,把咖啡传播得最远的是欧洲人民。
1615年威尼斯商人把进口的咖啡豆运回威尼斯开设咖啡馆经营。[3](P11)这大概是欧洲的第一家咖啡馆。不过,咖啡馆老板使用的是进口的土耳其咖啡而非在意大利种出来的咖啡。1650年,英国牛津出现英国的首家咖啡馆,1652年,伦敦出现咖啡馆。[4](n78-179)1643年,巴黎开设了首家咖啡馆,1650年,马赛也开设了咖啡馆……。[4](P161)1684年,维也纳出现首家咖啡馆。[4](P52)到17世纪末18世纪初,咖啡馆在欧洲特别是西欧各大中小城市已雨后春笋般出现,迅速普及。
从此欧洲(包括后来的北美)的社会生活和风俗习惯中多了喝咖啡这项内容,街头多了咖啡馆这道风景线。人们在咖啡馆里休闲,聊天,看简易的文艺表演,谈生意,议论国是,吃零食,谈情说爱,咖啡馆成了与中国茶馆媲美的一种西式休闲场所。一些文人、作家、艺术家在泡咖啡馆时构思了自己的作品;一些政客在咖啡馆里活动,一些罪犯在咖啡馆里策划犯罪,一些青楼女子也在咖啡馆里拉客……咖啡馆成了欧美人民的重要社交场所。
Third, coffee in world dissemination and cafe culture After the European and other national people contact the coffeedrink, some people then very quickly liked. The merchant and theproperty drool the benefit and the profit which brings to the coffee.But in the geography big discovery time (15 century's ends - 17century's ends), Europe or other any empires did not have the militarysuperiority to the Osman Turkey (notice Turkey even and in 1683 two ona large scale besieges Vienna in 1529). Also is unable to adopt themilitary violence method to gain the coffee seedling (such as todefeat 土军, seizes some place, snatches locality coffee-tree andcoffee fruit). Facing Turkey's severe control policy, both cannotlegitimately import, and incapably arms robs; Thereupon the peoplehave to try "to steal", thus deducts the coffee unauthorized biographymany interesting stories. In 1616, the Dutch hid Turkey from theYemenese 摩卡port strictly to inspect, smuggle a coffee seedling.(2) They harness the ship to walk the Portugese opening new routeafter the Arabic sea, Indian Ocean, Atlantic, the English Channeldetour to return to homeland. But Europe's climate water and soil doesnot suit the tropics subtropics plant coffee-tree the growth, theDutch has to take it the experimental tree cultivation in thegreenhouse. In 1656 the Dutch invaded Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka). In 1658the Dutch on carried on the coffee seedling on the Sri Lankan islandthe big field planter and attains successfully. (3) In 1603 the Dutchestablished the first business on the Indonesian Java island to standas soon as colonizes the foothold, in 1619 the Dutch invaded Jakarta,and changed name it as 巴达维亚. In 1696 the Dutch (Malabar) thearea transported the coffee seedling and the seed from Indian northwest coast Malabar plants them in the Indonesian Java 巴达维亚plantation. The end attains successfully after twists and turns, andvery quickly obtains benefits the profit. (4) But the Indian north west coffee forest actually is not the Dutch orother westerners passes on, but is calls anxiously the bhutan (BabaBudan) by local the person spreads to the 17th century 30's. As areverent Muslim religion, anxiously the bhutan goes to holy city Meccawhich Iraq teaches to go on a pilgrimage. Returns when he the coffeebean which can germinate seven grains (seed) tightly pastes on thebelly, has hidden Turk's inspection, the successful place "stole" hasreturned to him in the Indian north west hometown. From this time on,the coffee started in the South Asia to take root to cultivate. (5) In the synthesis may know, the East Africa Ethiopia people haddiscovered the coffee, the Arabic people cultivated the coffee, theChinese people promoted the coffee to drink the medicine from the godto drink transform into the populace drink, the Turkish peoplescientifically invent the coffee most orthodox school to drink theusage, the South Asia people also participated in the disseminationcoffee. Obviously, the coffee can become world one of three big drink,non-, Asian, the European people have all made the contribution forit. But, to the coffee most cherish, (culture) develops the cafeprosperously, disseminates far the coffee is the European people. In 1615 the Venetian merchant shipped back the import coffee beanVenice to open the cafe management. [ 3 ] (P11) this probably isEurope's first cafe. But, cafe boss uses is the import Turkish coffeebut non- the coffee which plants in Italy comes out. In 1650, theEnglish Oxford appeared English the first cafe, in 1652, Londonappeared the cafe. [ 4 ] (n78-179) in 1643, Paris has opened the firstcafe, in 1650, Marseilles has also opened the cafe... ... . [ 4 ](P161) in 1684, Vienna appeared the first cafe. [ 4 ] (P52) to 17century's ends the beginning of 18th century, the cafe in Europespecially was the Western Europe each major and medium small cityalready mushroom growth appearance, rapid popularization. From this time on Europe (including afterwards North America) in thesocial life and the manners and customs were many has drunk coffeethis content, the street corner many cafes this scenery line. Thepeople in the cafe the leisure, chat, looked the simple theatricalperformance, discusses business, discussed the country is, eats thebetween-meal snack, talks love, the cafe has become one kind ofwestern-style leisure place which compares favorably with with theChinese teahouse. Some writers, the writer, the artist when soaked thecafe has formed in one's mind own work; Some politicians move in thecafe, some criminals plan the crime in the cafe, some brothel femalesalso draw in customers in the cafe... ... The cafe has become theEuropean and American people's important public relations place.
According to 16th century Arabic literature "Coffee Origin" records,in 13 centuries the leaf has a Muslim 阿訇 Austria Masurium you(Sheikh Omar) to convict, 摩卡(Mocha) exiles from Yemen to Ou Saba.On the way, he saw is eating on the roadside tree's red fruit to abird in merrily the calligraphy stroke, then also tried to pick some煮水 has drunk. The small fruit has one kind of marvelous flavor,after drank has been sleepy wearily, eliminates immediately. AustriaMasurium you thereupon drink the coffee fruit the usage instruction togive some big at the beginning of sickness the person. After AustriaMasurium will send into exile the expiration to return in future摩卡then and drinks the coffee fruit the usage to disseminate. (1)Austria Masurium you discovered the coffee the fable is extremelypopular in the Arabic area, I think this fable Yu Shizhuo severalpoints: First, Austria Masurium you are possibly the public figurewhich independent rediscovers the edible wild coffee. He possiblydiscovered the different wild species as soon as to plant 培种.Already verified, the coffee had the different wild species anddevelops in this foundation plants 培种, if 小果 - the Arabiccoffee (Coffea arabica), center the fruit - went against the basketgirl coffee (C. canephora), big fruit - Liberia coffee (C. 1iberica);[ 1 ] (P258-259) two, Austria Masurium you possibly are the Arabicarea most early attempt one of planter coffee public figures; Third,Austria Masurium you are promote the coffee edible and one ofcultivation public figures. We knew, when Arabic area middle ages the agriculture quite is alsodeveloped, massively plants the multipurpose crops 椰枣 and othercrops. The Arab in knows the coffee to be possible edible to drinkafter and has the marvelous effect not to carry on the manualcultivation then with difficulty to persuade by reasoning. Therefore Iextrapolated, 6 since the probably centuries have been thenfragmentary in the Yemenese area, occasionally watch, the researchcultivation coffee, you the time namely develop from Austria Masuriumfrom the l3 century for the big field cultivate. In 1454, Yemen'sMuslim dynasty officially proclaimed the command allows to drink withand plants the coffee. (2) This indicated the coffee the planteredible before this had the quite long section of times, and hasachieved the certain scale. From this time on, the coffee and drank inthe length and breadth Arabic area widely planter with
古代非洲埃塞俄比亚人发现了咖啡,中世纪阿拉伯人栽培了咖啡。中世纪晚期,中国人促进了咖啡从神饮药饮转变为大众休闲饮料,土耳其人发明了咖啡正宗科学的饮用法,印度人参与了传播咖啡。在地理大发现时代(15世纪末至17世纪末),欧洲人把咖啡传遍全世界;此后又将咖啡馆文化发展得最繁荣。所以非、亚、欧人民都为咖啡发展为今日世界的三大饮料之一做出了贡献。晚清咖啡传入我国,民国在华已站稳脚跟。改革开放以来咖啡饮用开始在中国流行,并在逐步形成自己的咖啡文化。
Ancient times the African Ethiopians had discovered the coffee, themiddle ages Arab has cultivated the coffee. The middle ages laterperiod, the Chinese promoted the coffee to drink the medicine from thegod to drink transforms into the populace leisure drink, the Turkinvents the coffee orthodox school science to drink the usage, theIndian participated in the dissemination coffee. In the geography bigdiscovery time (15 century's ends to 17 century's ends), the Europeanspread over the coffee the world; Hereafter develops the cafe cultureprosperously. Therefore non-, Asian, the European people all have madethe contribution for the coffee development for today world one ofthree big drink. The late clear coffee spreads to our country,Republic of China stands firm in Hua Yi. Since the reform and openpolicy the coffee has drunk with starts to be popular in China, andgradually is forming own coffee culture.
java是什么意思
Java是由Sun Microsystems公司于1995年5月推出的Java程序设计语言(以下简称Java语言)和Java平台的总称。用Java实现的HotJava浏览器(支持Java applet)显示了Java的魅力:跨平台、动态的Web、Internet计算。从此,Java被广泛接受并推动了Web的迅速发展,常用的浏览器现在均支持Java applet。另一方面,Java技术也不断更新。
Java平台由Java虚拟机(Java Virtual Machine)和Java 应用编程接口(Application Programming Interface、简称API)构成。Java 应用编程接口为Java应用提供了一个独立于操作系统的标准接口,可分为基本部分和扩展部分。在硬件或操作系统平台上安装一个Java平台之后,Java应用程序就可运行。现在Java平台已经嵌入了几乎所有的操作系统。这样Java程序可以只编译一次,就可以在各种系统中运行。Java应用编程接口已经从1.1x版发展到1.2版。目前常用的Java平台基于Java1.4,最近版本为Java1.7。
Java分为三个体系JavaSE(Java2 Platform Standard Edition,java平台标准版),JavaEE(Java 2 Platform,Enterprise Edition,java平台企业版),JavaME(Java 2 Platform Micro Edition,java平台微型版)。
2009年04月20日,oracle(甲骨文)宣布收购sun。
1991年,Sun公司的James Gosling。Bill Joe等人,为电视、控制烤面包机等家用电器的交互操作开发了一个Oak(一种橡树的名字)软件,他是Java的前身。当时,Oak并没有引起人们的注意,直到1994年,随着互联网和3W的飞速发展,他们用Java编制了HotJava浏览器,得到了Sun公司首席执行官Scott McNealy的支持,得以研发和发展。为了促销和法律的原因,1995年Oak更名为Java。Java的得名还有段小插曲呢,一天,Java小组成员正在喝咖啡时,议论给新语言起个什么名字的问题,有人提议用Java(Java是印度尼西亚盛产咖啡的一个岛屿),这个提议得到了其他成员的赞同,于是就采用Java来命名此新语言。很快Java被工业界认可,许多大公司如IBM Microsoft.DEC等购买了Java的使用权,并被美国杂志PC Magazine评为1995年十大优秀科技产品。从此,开始了Java应用的新篇章。
Java的诞生时对传统计算机模式的挑战,对计算机软件开发和软件产业都产生了深远的影响:
(1)软件4A目标要求软件能达到任何人在任何地方在任何时间对任何电子设备都能应用。这样能满足软件平台上互相操作,具有可伸缩性和重要性并可即插即用等分布式计算模式的需求。
(2)基于构建开发方法的崛起,引出了CORBA国际标准软件体系结构和多层应用体系框架。在此基础上形成了Java.2平台和.NET平台两大派系,推动了整个IT业的发展。
(3)对软件产业和工业企业都产生了深远的影响,软件从以开发为中心转到了以服务为中心。中间提供商,构件提供商,服务器软件以及咨询服务商出现。企业必须重塑自我,B2B的电子商务将带动整个新经济市场,使企业获得新的价值,新的增长,新的商机,新的管理。
(4)对软件开发带来了新的革命,重视使用第三方构件集成,利用平台的基础设施服务,实现开发各个阶段的重要技术,重视开发团队的组织和文化理念,协作,创作,责任,诚信是人才的基本素质。
总之,目前以看到了Java对信息时代的重要性,未来还会不断发展,Java在应用方面将会有更广阔的前景。
[编辑本段]JAVA-名字起源
Java自1995诞生,至今已经14年历史。Java的名字的来源:Java是印度尼西亚爪哇岛的英文名称,因盛产咖啡而闻名。Java语言中的许多库类名称,多与咖啡有关,如JavaBeans(咖啡豆)、NetBeans(网络豆)以及ObjectBeans (对象豆)等等。SUN和JAVA的标识也正是一杯正冒着热气的咖啡。
据James Gosling回忆,最初这个为TV机顶盒所设计的语言在Sun内部一直称为Green项目。我们的新语言需要一个名字。Gosling注意到自己办公室外一棵茂密的橡树Oak,这是一种在硅谷很常见的树。所以他将这个新语言命名为Oak。但Oak是另外一个注册公司的名字。这个名字不可能再用了。
在命名征集会上,大家提出了很多名字。最后按大家的评选次序,将十几个名字排列成表,上报给商标律师。排在第一位的是Silk(丝绸)。尽管大家都喜欢这个名字,但遭到James Gosling的坚决反对。排在第二和第三的都没有通过律师这一关。只有排在第四位的名字、得到了所有人的认可和律师的通过,这个名字就是Java。
10多年来,Java就像爪哇咖啡一样誉满全球,成为实至名归的企业级应用平台的霸主。而Java语言也如同咖啡一般醇香动人。
[编辑本段]Java语言特点
Java是一种简单的,面向对象的,分布式的,解释型的,健壮安全的,结构中立的,可移植的,性能优异、多线程的动态语言。
当1995年SUN推出Java语言之后,全世界的目光都被这个神奇的语言所吸引。那么Java到底有何神奇之处呢?
Java语言其实最早诞生于1991年,起初被称为OAK语言,是SUN公司为一些消费性电子产品而设计的一个通用环境。他们最初的目的只是为了开发一种独立于平台的软件技术,而且在网络出现之前,OAK可以说是默默无闻,甚至差点夭折。但是,网络的出现改变了OAK的命运。
在Java出现以前,Internet上的信息内容都是一些乏味死板的HTML文档。这对于那些迷恋于WEB浏览的人们来说简直不可容忍。他们迫切希望能在WEB中看到一些交互式的内容,开发人员也极希望能够在WEB上创建一类无需考虑软硬件平台就可以执行的应用程序,当然这些程序还要有极大的安全保障。对于用户的这种要求,传统的编程语言显得无能为力。SUN的工程师敏锐地察觉到了这一点,从1994年起,他们开始将OAK技术应用于WEB上,并且开发出了HotJava的第一个版本。当SUN公司1995年正式以Java这个名字推出的时候,几乎所有的WEB开发人员都心生感叹:噢,这正是我想要的!于是Java成了一颗耀眼的明星,丑小鸭一下子变成了白天鹅。
[编辑本段]Java主要特性
1、Java语言是简单的。Java语言的语法与C语言和C++语言很接近,使得大多数程序员很容易学习和使用Java。另一方面,Java丢弃了C++ 中很少使用的、很难理解的、令人迷惑的那些特性,如操作符重载、多继承、自动的强制类型转换。特别地,Java语言不使用指针,并提供了自动的废料收集,使得程序员不必为内存管理而担忧。
2、Java语言是一个面向对象的。Java语言提供类、接口和继承等原语,为了简单起见,只支持类之间的单继承,但支持接口之间的多继承,并支持类与接口之间的实现机制(关键字为implements)。Java语言全面支持动态绑定,而C++ 语言只对虚函数使用动态绑定。总之,Java语言是一个纯的面向对象程序设计语言。
3、Java语言是分布式的。Java语言支持Internet应用的开发,在基本的Java应用编程接口中有一个网络应用编程接口(java.net),它提供了用于网络应用编程的类库,包括URL、URLConnection、Socket、 ServerSocket等。Java的RMI(远程方法激活)机制也是开发分布式应用的重要手段。
4、Java语言是健壮的。Java的强类型机制、异常处理、废料的自动收集等是Java程序健壮性的重要保证。对指针的丢弃是Java的明智选择。Java的安全检查机制使得Java更具健壮性。
5、Java语言是安全的。Java通常被用在网络环境中,为此,Java提供了一个安全机制以防恶意代码的攻击。除了Java语言具有的许多安全特性以外,Java对通过网络下载的类具有一个安全防范机制(类ClassLoader),如分配不同的名字空间以防替代本地的同名类、字节代码检查,并提供安全管理机制(类SecurityManager)让Java应用设置安全哨兵。
6、Java语言是体系结构中立的。Java程序(后缀为java的文件)在Java平台上被编译为体系结构中立的字节码格式(后缀为class的文件), 然后可以在实现这个Java平台的任何系统中运行。这种途径适合于异构的网络环境和软件的分发。
7、Java语言是可移植的。这种可移植性来源于体系结构中立性,另外,Java还严格规定了各个基本数据类型的长度。Java系统本身也具有很强的可移植性,Java编译器是用Java实现的,Java的运行环境是用ANSI C实现的。
8、Java语言是解释型的。如前所述,Java程序在Java平台上被编译为字节码格式, 然后可以在实现这个Java平台的任何系统中运行。在运行时,Java平台中的Java解释器对这些字节码进行解释执行,执行过程中需要的类在联接阶段被载入到运行环境中。
9、Java是高性能的。与那些解释型的高级脚本语言相比,Java的确是高性能的。事实上,Java的运行速度随着JIT(Just-In-Time)编译器技术的发展越来越接近于C++。
10、Java语言是多线程的。在Java语言中,线程是一种特殊的对象,它必须由Thread类或其子(孙)类来创建。通常有两种方法来创建线程:其一,使用型构为Thread(Runnable) 的构造子将一个实现了Runnable接口的对象包装成一个线程,其二,从Thread类派生出子类并重写run方法,使用该子类创建的对象即为线程。值得注意的是Thread类已经实现了Runnable接口,因此,任何一个线程均有它的run方法,而run方法中包含了线程所要运行的代码。线程的活动由一组方法来控制。 Java语言支持多个线程的同时执行,并提供多线程之间的同步机制(关键字为synchronized)。
11、Java语言是动态的。Java语言的设计目标之一是适应于动态变化的环境。Java程序需要的类能够动态地被载入到运行环境,也可以通过网络来载入所需要的类。这也有利于软件的升级。另外,Java中的类有一个运行时刻的表示,能进行运行时刻的类型检查。
Java语言的优良特性使得Java应用具有无比的健壮性和可靠性,这也减少了应用系统的维护费用。Java对对象技术的全面支持和Java平台内嵌的API能缩短应用系统的开发时间并降低成本。Java的编译一次,到处可运行的特性使得它能够提供一个随处可用的开放结构和在多平台之间传递信息的低成本方式。特别是Java企业应用编程接口(Java Enterprise APIs)为企业计算及电子商务应用系统提供了有关技术和丰富的类库。
sava和java哪个是山寨版
Sava。
Sava是抄java,JAVA自行车发源于意大利的海滨之都Grosseto,JAVA(中文名佳沃)最初源自设计师名字的组合:JACOPOGOSLING(雅科波高斯林Andrea.WILIER(安德列亚威廉)VITTORIO(维托里奥)ALBERTO.BARIN(阿尔伯特博瑞),JAVA意大利设计团队的努力,同时这个名字也是出于JAVA团队对咖啡的喜爱,所以以Java咖啡来命名。坚持传统欧洲自行车品牌“小而美”的企业文化,与大型国内及其台湾自行车企业仍然有区别。2003年JAVA自行车第一台MOKA山地车进入中国市场,开启自行车在中国大陆旅程!
JAVA的图案为什么是咖啡杯?
Java的名字的来源:Java是印度尼西亚爪哇岛的英文名称,因盛产咖啡而闻名。Java语言中的许多库类名称,多与咖啡有关,如JavaBeans(咖啡豆)、NetBeans(网络豆)以及ObjectBeans (对象豆)等等。SUN和JAVA的标识也正是一杯正冒着热气的咖啡。
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发布于:2022-12-03,除非注明,否则均为
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